ASTM A214 tsis yog lub zog tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib tug weld specification. Lub raj yog tsim los ntawm hluav taws xob tsis kam vuam, uas tawm hauv ib txoj hlua ncaj nraim hauv nws qhov ntev, thiab tag nrho cov qauv muaj los ua pov thawj tias qhov seam no coj zoo li niam txiv hlau - los ntawm flattening, los ntawm flanging, hardness, thiab los ntawm kev kho cua sov uas tshem tawm cov qauv weld tom qab nws ua. Ci ntsa iab annealing yog cov kauj ruam ua tiav uas tso cai rau tus neeg yuav khoom hla kev xaiv yam tsis tau muab qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw. Ntawm lub condenser nrog plaub caug txhiab lub raj, qhov sib txawv ntawd tshwm sim hauv lub sijhawm.
ASTM A214 yog muab nyob rau hauv parallel li ASME SA214, thiab ob cov ntaub ntawv yog technically zoo tib yam. Hauv kev txiav txim yuav lub npe tseem ceeb tsawg dua li tsab ntawv, vim tias cov kev cai dav dav nyob hauv ASTM A450 thiab qhov kev siv ntawd yog qhov feem ntau ntawm qhov loj me thiab cov ntsiab lus kuaj tau los ntawm.
Specification
| Yam khoom | Specification |
|---|---|
| Txuj | ASTM A214 / ASME SA214; Cov kev cai dav dav rau ASTM A450 |
| Yam khoom | Hluav taws xob tsis kam welded (ERW), ib leeg longitudinal seam |
| Hom | Yam tsawg kawg nkaus phab ntsa thickness raj; sab nraud txoj kab uas hla thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus phab ntsa yog teev, sab hauv txoj kab uas hla tsis yog |
| Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla | 1/8–3 nyob rau hauv (3.2–76.2 mm) txheem; lwm qhov ntau thiab tsawg los ntawm kev pom zoo |
| Phab ntsa thickness | Feem ntau 12–22 BWG (2.77–0.71 mm); hnyav dua thiab sib dua phab ntsa ntawm kev thov |
| Ntev | Ncaj ntev mus rau 20 ft (6.1 m); ntev dua thiab U-bent ntawm kev thov |
| Cov pa roj carbon | 0.18% max |
| Manganese | 0.27–0.63% |
| Phosphorus / sulfur | 0.035% max txhua |
| Lub zog tensile | 47 ksi (325 MPa) min |
| Yield zog | 26 ksi (180 MPa) min |
| Elongation | 35% min |
| Hardness | 72 HRB max |
| Kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam | 900℃(1650℃F) lossis siab dua, cua txias lossis tswj cua sov cua sov |
| Kev kho cua sov tom qab qhov txias txias kawg | 650℃(1200℃F) lossis siab dua |
| Kev xa khoom | Bright annealed (BA) raws li tus qauv; kev nyuaj siab relieved, normalized los yog-raws kuj muaj |
| Yuav tsum xeem | Tensile, flattening, flange, hardness, hydrostatic los yog tsis-destructive hluav taws xob kuaj |
| Cov kev pabcuam | Nto condensers, feedwater rhaub, roj txias, chillers, U-tube exchangers |
Cov cuab yeej cuab tam yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau lub raj me dua 1/8 hauv (3.2 hli) hauv txoj kab uas hla lossis thinner dua 0.015 hauv (0.4 hli) phab ntsa. Paub meej tias tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig tawm tsam tsab A214 thiab A450 muaj npe hauv daim ntawv xaj khoom.
Chemistry thiab Mechanical Properties
| Element | A214 | A179 (rau kev sib piv) |
|---|---|---|
| Cov pa roj carbon | 0.18% max | 0.06–0.18% |
| Manganese | 0.27–0.63% | 0.27–0.63% |
| Phosphorus | 0.035% max | 0.035% max |
| Sulfur | 0.035% max | 0.035% max |
Cov manganese ntau yam yog nqaim los ntawm txhua tus qauv - lub qhov rais ntawm 0.36 ntsiab lus - thiab qhov ntawd yog qhov taw tes. Qhov no tsis yog hlau tsim rau lub zog. Nws yog cov hlau tsim los tsim, welded, kos thiab tom qab ntawd dov rau hauv cov ntawv raj tsis muaj qhov tawg. Cov pa roj carbon tsawg ua rau cov vuam vuam; txwv tsis pub manganese khaws hardness kwv yees los ntawm kev kho cua sov lub voj voog. Tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua silicon thiab tsis muaj micro-alloy ntxiv, yog vim li cas A214 raj tsis yog tus neeg sib tw rau kev pabcuam kub.
| Khoom | Kev xav tau |
|---|---|
| Lub zog tensile | 47 ksi (325 MPa) min |
| Yield zog | 26 ksi (180 MPa) min |
| Elongation hauv 2 hauv (50mm) | 35% min |
| Hardness | 72 HRB max |
Nco ntsoov dab tsi uas ploj lawm: tsis muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws tawm los thiab tsis muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws tensile. A214 tsis muaj zog, yog li lub tshav kub uas rov qab los ntawm 400 MPa tensile yog ua raws. Qhov ntawd yog qhov zoo rau lub tshav kub exchanger, qhov twg lub raj phab ntsa yog teem los ntawm corrosion pub, baffle hnav thiab tuav yuav tsum tau rau dov es tsis yog hoop kev nyuaj siab. Nws tsis yog qhov zoo yog tias koj xav tau lub qhov rais nruj nruj - thiab yog tias koj xav tau ib qho, qhov ntawd yog kev sib tham kom muaj ua ntej qhov kev txiav txim, tsis yog tom qab daim ntawv pov thawj tuaj txog.
Carbon steel raj ntawm qib no feem ntau siv txog li 900℃F (480 degree). Saum toj no, oxidation thiab creep coj mus thiab kev xaiv txav mus rau qib chrome-moly lossis stainless, uas yog ib tsab xov xwm sib txawv.
Qhov ntau thiab tsawg, Phab ntsa Thickness thiab kam rau ua
| OD | mm | Common BWG phab ntsa | Hom kev siv |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1/2 nyob rau hauv | 12.7 | 16, 18, 20 | Lub plhaub me me thiab lub raj sib hloov, roj txias |
| 5/8 hli | 15.9 | 16, 18, 20 | Compact exchangers, chillers |
| 3/4 nyob rau hauv | 19.05 | 14, 16, 18 | Lub workhorse loj rau condensers |
| 1 in | 25.4 | 12, 14, 16 | Feedwater heaters, txheej txheem exchangers |
| 1-1/4 nyob rau hauv | 31.75 | 12, 14, 16 | Loj nto condenser |
| 1-1/2 nyob rau hauv | 38.1 | 10, 12, 14 | Chav dej condenser |
| 2 in | 50.8 | 10, 12, 14 | Heavy duty exchangers, cua txias |
| 2-1/2 rau 3 nyob rau hauv | 63.5–76.2 | 10, 12 | Cov txheej txheem loj thiab marine condensers |
| BWG | Phab, mm | Saib |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | 3.40 | Phab ntsa hnyav; siab hnav los yog corrosive luag hauj lwm |
| 12 | 2.77 | Feem ntau rau 1 hauv thiab siab dua |
| 14 | 2.11 | Txheem rau cov raj condenser loj |
| 16 | 1.65 | Cov phab ntsa kub exchanger feem ntau |
| 18 | 1.24 | Lub teeb ntsa; expansion xav tau kev saib xyuas |
| 20 | 0.89 | Lub raj me me, kev pabcuam huv xwb |
| 22 | 0.71 | Yam tsawg kawg nkaus rau cov pob qij txha |
BWG phab ntsa cov duab yog sib npaug nominal tus nqi. Txiav cov phab ntsa raws li qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thickness, tsis yog raws li tus lej ntsuas, thaum kev xam nyob ntawm nws.
A214, A179 thiab A192 Sab los ntawm Sab
| Yam khoom | A214 | A179 | A192 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Txoj kev tsim khoom | ERW, welded | Seamless, txias kos | Seamless, txias kos |
| Cov pa roj carbon | 0.18% max | 0.06–0.18% | 0.06–0.18% |
| Tensile, min | 325 MPa | 325 MPa | 325 MPa |
| Yield, min | 180 MPa | 180 MPa | 180 MPa |
| Hardness, max | 72 HRB | 72 HRB | 72 HRB |
| Kev kho cua sov | 900℃tom qab vuam, 650℃tom qab kos kawg | 650℃tom qab kos kawg | 650℃tom qab kos kawg |
| Kev pabcuam ib txwm muaj | Thaum tshav kub kub exchangers, condenser | Thaum tshav kub kub exchangers, condenser | Boiler raj, siab siab |
| Tus nqi txheeb ze | qis tshaj | Siab dua | Siab dua |
A214 thiab A179 muaj tib yam kev xav tau ntawm txhua yam, nyob ze-zoo tib yam chemistry thiab tib daim ntawv thov. Qhov txawv yog txoj kev: A214 yog welded, A179 yog seamless. Txhua yam ua raws li los ntawm qhov ntawd. Lub welded raj yog pheej yig dua los ua thiab tuaj nyob rau hauv ntev ntev nrog zoo concentricity; seamless raj tsis muaj seam los soj ntsuam vim nws tsis muaj seam. Thaum ib qhov project specification hais tias seamless rau lub thawv dej uas tsis tshua muaj siab, nws feem ntau yuav kev nplij siab es tsis muaj peev xwm - tab sis nws yog tus neeg yuav khoom hu, thiab nws yuav tsum txhob txwm tshaj tawm.
Ib qho chaw uas qhov kev xaiv tsis yog qhov kev nyiam: yog tias lub raj yuav nthuav dav thiab tom qab ntawd muab khi welded, lossis yog tias nws yuav pom ntub H2S, lub seam thiab nws hardness tis yog ib lo lus nug tiag tiag. A214 raj uas tau ua kom zoo li qub thiab ci ntsa iab annealed ob leeg. A214 lub raj uas tau welded thiab txias yam tsis muaj 900℃kho tsis tau, txawm tias daim ntawv pov thawj hais txog tensile.
Lub raj ua li cas
Sawb xaiv.Txias dov, hlais mus rau qhov dav, chemistry kuaj tawm tsam 0.18% carbon siab tshaj plaws thiab 0.27-0.63% manganese qhov rais.
tsim.Lub sawb yog maj mam dov mus rau hauv ib lub tog raj kheej los ntawm ib qho kev tsim, nrog rau cov npoo coj los ua ke nyob rau hauv kev tswj siab.
High zaus vuam.Lub longitudinal seam yog welded los ntawm kev tiv thaiv los yog induction ntawm zaus hauv ntau pua kilohertz. Tsis siv neeg muab tub lim; lub weld yog forged los ntawm ob ntug lawv tus kheej.
Scarfing.Sab hauv thiab sab nraud weld flash raug tshem tawm, yaug, tsis muaj undercutting phab ntsa.
Weld anneal.Lub seam dhau los ntawm ib qho hauv kab annealer ntawm 900℃lossis siab dua, ces txias. Qhov no yog kauj ruam uas A214 yuav tsum tau ua.
Txias daim duab.Lub hollow yog kos hla lub mandrel mus rau qhov kawg OD thiab phab ntsa, uas teeb concentricity thiab nto tiav thiab muab cov phab ntsa nruj tswj cov txheej txheem yog paub rau.
Bright annealing.Thaum kawg anneal ntawm 650℃los yog siab dua nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tswj, txias nyob rau hauv tib qhov chaw kom cov nto nyob twj ywm kaj.
Straightening, txiav, xaus tiav.Roller straightening, txiav kom ntev, square txiav los yog bevelled, deburred.
Kev kuaj thiab ntim khoom.Eddy tam sim no nyob rau hauv tag nrho ntev, flattening thiab flange kuaj, seem check, marking, ces bundling nrog kev tiv thaiv.
Dab tsi Bright Annealing Ua tiag tiag
Annealing nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tiv thaiv tsis yog kho kom zoo nkauj. Nws tshem tawm cov txheej txheem los ntawm koj lub khw thiab tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub raj.
Ib tug pa anneal tawm ib qho tsaus oxide nplai ntawm lub raj, sab hauv thiab tawm. Cov nplai no yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm acid pickling, thiab pickling coj nws tus kheej cov teeb meem: kua qaub tuaj yeem raug daig rau hauv lub qhov dej ntawm lub raj ntev, yaug dej kom zoo ua qhov sib txawv, thiab hydrogen khaws thaum lub sij hawm pickling yuav tsum tau tsav tawm tom qab ntawd. Rau lub tshav kub exchanger tube, ib tug qias neeg bore yog phem tshaj ib tug ntxhib sab nraud, vim hais tias lub bore yog qhov twg thaum tshav kub kub pauv tshwm sim thiab qhov twg fouling pib.
Bright annealing khiav lub raj los ntawm lub cub tawg tas mus li nrog hydrogen lossis nitrogen-hydrogen huab cua tuav ntawm qhov dej lwg qis txaus - feem ntau qis dua -40℃- uas tsis muaj oxide tuaj yeem tsim. Lub raj tuaj nrog ib qho xim hlau, tsis muaj nplai, sab hauv thiab tawm. Tsis muaj pickling, tsis muaj yaug, tsis muaj hydrogen ci-tawm.
| Khoom | Bright annealed | Annealed thiab pickled |
|---|---|---|
| Deg mob | Nws yog xim hlau, lub teeb thiab ci, tsis muaj nplai | Matte, yuav tsum tau pickling thiab yaug |
| Kev huv huv | huv si; tsis muaj kua qaub los yog yaug residue | Residual acid txaus ntshai yog tias yaug tsis txaus |
| Phab ntsa thickness | Tsis hloov tom qab anneal | Me ntsis txo los ntawm pickling |
| Hydrogen pickup | Tsis muaj los ntawm kev ua | Ua tau thaum pickling; ci-tawm yuav xav tau |
| Eddy teb tam sim no | Tsis tshua muaj suab nrov tom qab, zoo dua kev ntxub ntxaug | Scale thiab roughness tsa suab nrov |
| Npaj rau kev nthuav dav | Yog, ncaj nraim los ntawm pob | Feem ntau yuav tsum tau ntxuav ua ntej dov |
| Nqi | Siab dua ib 'meter' | Tsawg ib meter, ntxiv rau koj tus kheej tus nqi tu |
Qhov ci ntsa iab tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau yog kho lub vuam tsis zoo, kho lub raj sab nraud, lossis them nyiaj rau lub qhov cub uas tsis huv. Peb cov xwm txheej yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav rau qhov ua tiav kom tsim nyog them rau:
Lub raj yuav tsum mus huv si.Kev kos cov roj nplua nyeem, tooj liab residue los yog cov cim ntiv tes yuav carbonise nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg thiab tawm grey smut uas yog ib qho nyuaj rau tshem tawm tshaj qhov teev. Degreasing ua ntej lub cub tawg yog tsis xaiv.
Cov huab cua yuav tsum tau saib xyuas, tsis xav.Dew point thiab oxygen nkag mus tsis tu ncua ntawm txoj kab khiav kom zoo. Lub qhov cub ci ntsa iab uas tab tom tseem zoo li ci ntsa iab ntawm lub qhov rooj thiab tsim lub teeb oxide zaj duab xis ntawm qhov kawg.
Kev tuav tom qab lub qhov cub yuav tsum huv si.Lub raj ci ntsa iab uas rub hla hauv pem teb qias neeg lossis ntim tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tuaj txog zoo li lub raj xa dej. Daim ntawv interleaving thiab kawg lub kaus mom yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom, tsis yog ib feem ntawm lub ntim.
Qhov twg siv lub raj no
Nto condenserhauv cov nroj tsuag fais fab, qhov twg cov raj suav siab, cov dej huv huv.
Feedwater rhaub- feem ntau 1 hauv OD ntawm 14 lossis 16 BWG, qee zaum nrog kev hloov kho stainless lossis alloy ntawm theem siab.
Roj coolers thiab kub exchangersnyob rau hauv hydraulic thiab lubricating systems, qhov twg 1/2 rau 3/4 nyob rau hauv raj ntawm 18 los yog 20 BWG yog tus qauv.
Chillers thiab tub yees condensers, nquag nrog txhim kho lossis finned nto ntawm tib lub hauv paus raj.
U-tube exchangers, qhov twg lub raj yog khoov tom qab annealing thiab seam txoj hauj lwm los ntawm khoov yuav tsum tau pom zoo ua ntej.
Marine thiab offshore coolers, feem ntau yog txheej txheej los yog cupro-nickel upgrade qhov twg seawater koom nrog.
Yog hais tias lub raj yuav U-bent, seam orientation tseem ceeb. Khoov tso rau sab nraud ntawm khoov hauv nro thiab sab hauv hauv compression. Khiav lub seam raws lub nruab nrab axis kom nws tawm ntawm ob qho tib si, thiab feem ntau khoov specifications xav tau nws. Qhov ntawd yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ntawm lub raj xaj theem, vim hais tias ib zaug lub raj raug txiav thiab bundled lub seam txoj hauj lwm yog tsau.
A214 ERW Heat Exchanger thiab Condenser Tube Hoobkas
Xa lub sij hawm lub raj - OD, yam tsawg kawg nkaus phab ntsa, ntev, kom muaj nuj nqis, ncaj los yog U-khoov, thiab cov pob xeem koj xav tau. Peb yuav rov qab los nrog tus nqi them uas hais txog kev xa khoom tag nrho, qhov chaw annealing, cov ntaub ntawv xeem suav nrog thiab hom ntawv pov thawj, yog li qhov kev thov thiab kev txiav txim zeb hais tib yam.
Thov ib daim Quote rau A214 Bright Annealed Tube
Peb Case
ASTM A214 ERW Heat Exchanger Tube: 1,500 Daim Ntawm 25.4 × 1.65 Mm, Ci ntsa iab Annealed
FAQ
Puas yog A214 tib yam li A179?
Tsis zoo ib yam, tab sis zoo sib xws. Lawv sib faib qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tensile, yield, elongation, hardness thiab daim ntaub ntawv, thiab lawv cov chemistry txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv carbon: A214 tso cai rau 0.18% tsis muaj yam tsawg kawg nkaus, A179 yuav tsum tau 0.06-0.18%. Qhov sib txawv tiag tiag yog txoj kev tsim khoom. A214 yog hluav taws xob kuj welded; A179 yog seamless thiab txias kos. A214 feem ntau pheej yig dua thiab tuaj yeem ntev dua.
Puas yog A214 xav tau kev kho cua sov?
Yog, ob zaug. Txhua lub raj yuav tsum tau kho cua sov ntawm 900℃(1650℃F) lossis siab dua tom qab vuam, thiab dua ntawm 650℃(1200℃F) lossis siab dua tom qab qhov kawg txias txias. Ib tus neeg muag khoom uas muab A214 raj nrog tsuas yog kev kho tom qab vuam tau hla qhov kev xav tau thib ob, thiab qhov ua tau zoo tsis zoo yuav nyob qis dua 72 HRB.
Puas yog tus qauv hais txog qhov ci ntsa iab?
Tsis yog lub npe. A214 yuav tsum tau ua kom txias hauv huab cua lossis hauv chav cua txias ntawm lub tshuab cua tswj cua sov, thiab ci ntsa iab yog txoj kev lag luam ntawm kev ua qhov kev xaiv thib ob kom zoo. Vim hais tias lub sij hawm nws tus kheej tsis tau txhais nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem, qhov kev txiav txim yuav tsum tau hais qhov yuav tsum tau qhia meej - cua, dew point thiab tshwm sim saum npoo av - es tsis txhob cia siab rau cov lus "ci annealed" ib leeg.
A214 lub raj puas tuaj yeem muab siab dua 3 nti sab nraud txoj kab uas hla?
Yog, yog hais tias nws ua tau raws li tag nrho cov lwm yam yuav tsum tau ntawm lub specification. Lub 3 nyob rau hauv daim duab yog qhov loj npaum li cas ib txwm muaj, tsis yog ib qho nyuaj. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, feem ntau buyers saum toj no 4 nyob rau hauv tsiv mus rau ib tug welded siab tube specification, vim hais tias lub tshav kub exchanger raj txheem tsis sib xws li cas lub raj yuav siv.
Vim li cas kuv thiaj tsis tuaj yeem hais qhia lub taub sab hauv?
Vim A214 yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus-phab ntsa specification. Koj tswj txoj kab uas hla sab nraud thiab phab ntsa yam tsawg kawg nkaus, thiab sab hauv txoj kab uas hla yog qhov twg ob qho khoom tsim tawm. Qhov no yog txhob txwm: nws tso cai rau lub zeb khiav ntawm phab ntsa ntawm sab ntxiv, uas yog qhov zoo rau lub raj thiab tsis muaj teeb meem rau lub luag haujlwm. Yog tias qhov tseeb qhov tseem ceeb rau koj tus qauv tsim, A214 yog qhov kev yuav khoom tsis raug.
Puas yog ERW weld yog qhov tsis muaj zog hauv kev pabcuam?
Tsis yog thaum lub raj tsim thiab kho kom raug. Lub seam yog forged los ntawm niam txiv hlau tsis muaj muab tub lim, ces normalized ntawm 900℃los yog saum toj no, thiab nws yog ib qho kev txheeb xyuas los ntawm flattening thiab flange xeem ntawm txhua qhov ntau. Keeb kwm, ERW tube tau txais lub koob npe tsis zoo los ntawm kev siv vuam tsawg zaus nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsis muaj kev tswj xyuas, thiab lub koob npe nrov tseem tau hais. Niaj hnub nimno high zaus welding nrog in-line annealing thiab tag nrho-ntev eddy tam sim no kuaj yog ib yam khoom sib txawv.
A214 raj puas siv tau rau U-khoov pob?
Yog, thiab nws yog qhov ntau. Qhia qhov khoov lub vojvoog, qhov ntev ntawm ob qho tib si tangents, thiab qhov xav tau seam orientation los ntawm qhov khoov - feem ntau ntawm qhov nruab nrab axis. Khoov yog ua tiav tom qab qhov kawg anneal, yog li txhua yam kev ua haujlwm txias qhia los ntawm kev khoov yuav tsis txo qis tshwj tsis yog tias muaj kev ntxhov siab tom qab khoov tau teev tseg.